1. Pro And Cons Definition

At the end of the year, the managers take out all their notes on these critical incidents and categorize them as either positive/satisfactory behaviors or negative/unsatisfactory behaviors. An employee’s rating is then heavily influenced or even determined by which pile of data is taller — the satisfactory or the unsatisfactory.Here are the advantages of the critical incidents approach to performance appraisal:.It’s based on direct observations. The greatest strength of this approach is that performance evaluations are based on actual performance that is observed firsthand by the employee’s manager.It’s time-tested. In this approach, managers gather data over a full year, so it’s less likely to be influenced by a mad last-minute scurry for data or the undue impact that can be associated with an employee’s most recent behaviors.It provides more face time. By definition, the critical incident approach encourages managers to spend time on the floors with their employees, which allows them to provide more coaching, guidance, and feedback, while also learning more about overall developments in the department. On the other hand, the critical incidents approach has some drawbacks:.It delays the giving of feedback.

In order for feedback to be truly effective (whether the feedback is positive or negative), it should be linked as closely as possible to the behavior in question. Minecraft mortal kombat mod. With critical incidents, a greater emphasis may be placed on gathering data and tallying it than actually using it to inform, educate, and motivate employees.As the distance between behavior and feedback increases, the value of feedback decreases.All satisfactory and unsatisfactory behaviors are not equal. Throughout the year, a person may display many excellent behaviors but only one unsatisfactory behavior. In that case, her pile of satisfactory behaviors would be much greater than her pile of unsatisfactory behaviors.

Pro And Cons Definition

But weighing the number of satisfactory behaviors against the number of unsatisfactory ones can lead to an erroneous conclusion if the one unsatisfactory behavior cost the company its best client, or its computer system, or its line of credit.In order to increase the accuracy and utility of the critical incident method, managers who use it should attach a numerical value to each positive and negative behavior.

In this guide we break down the pros and cons of other project management systems, like PERT and Critical Path, and how to use them in your next project. In this guide we break down the pros and cons of other project management systems, like PERT and Critical Path, and how to.

Changing Task DefinitionsThe PERT system forces you to define activities as independent tasks. They must be self-contained, with a start date, a duration, a defined cost and requiring defined resources.

In the real world, situations may change as a project progresses. While you can revise PERT to take such changes into account, preparing the initial PERT chart for a project is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Making major modifications in the chart in mid-project is often difficult. As a result, you are working with a PERT chart that no longer accurately portrays the project. Subjective Time EstimatesThe PERT chart accepts subjective project manager estimates for the duration of activities.

Its accuracy is limited by the reliability of each of the estimates of task duration. The chart remains reasonably accurate if some tasks take longer and some less time, according to a probability distribution. In real projects such a distribution may not apply, if a particular part of the work faces problems and all tasks in that area of activity are late. When the duration of these tasks increases, the tasks for which they are prerequisites are delayed, and you may have to make major revisions to the PERT chart to make it relevant again. Near-Critical PathsOne of the key features of the PERT charts is the ability to display a critical path.

The critical path is the sequence of project tasks that has the longest duration, and the total duration determines the completion date of the project. The PERT system tells you to focus on these critical tasks to ensure the project completion date remains unchanged. The chart may contain similar task sequences whose total duration is slightly less, and the tasks are therefore not critical. If one of these tasks takes longer than estimated, the critical path may shift as the new sequence becomes the one with the longest duration. In this case you have been focusing on the wrong tasks. Changing Task RelationshipsThe PERT charts and the critical path calculations rest on tasks that have prerequisites and dependencies. In real projects, when you find that you can't meet the required prerequisites for a task, you make alternative arrangements.

For example, if your power supply is going to be six months late, you might rent a generator. PERT charts are not flexible in this respect and you would have to prepare a completely revised chart. PERT charts are most effective on projects dealing with well-known processes and for which experienced personnel can accurately determine the required activities and their duration.